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- Name : Sulfur
- Symbol : S
- Atomic # : 16
- Atom weight: 32.06
- Melting P. : 112.8 in rhombic form, 119.0 in monoclinic form
- Boiling P. : 4.6
- Oxidation : -2, +4, +6
- Pronounced : SUL-fer
- From : Latin sulphus, "sulfur"
- Identified : Antoine Lavoisier in 1777
- Appearance : Tasteless, odorless, light-yellow, brittle solid
- Note : The tenth most abundant atom in the cosmos.
-
- [Properties]
-
- Sulfur, even in its pure elemental form, is a rather common substance. It
- is generally characterized as a pale yellow, brittle solid that has no
- taste. It is not supposed to have an odor, either; but common experience
- suggests otherwise. Actually, pure sulfur has no odor; the distinctive,
- biting aroma is really that of sulfur dioxide which forms in small amounts
- when sulfur comes into contact with oxygen and moisture in the air.
- Like ordinary water, sulfur is a commonplace substance that exhibits a
- confusing array of unusual characteristics. Even though sulfur has been
- studied and used since ancient times, there are still experts in the world
- who are devoting their professional lives to the study of this element.
- Sulfur is a nonmetal. It is one of the oxygen elements in Group VIA on
- the periodic table.
- Sulfur exists in three allotopic forms: orthorhombic, monoclinic, and
- amorphous. As their names suggest, orthorhombic and monoclinic sulfur are
- crystalline forms. The orthorhombic form is the most common because it is
- the most stable. Monoclinic sulfur is stable only between 96 and 119
- degrees; it forms naturally as molten sulfur and gradually cools through
- that temperature range. Below 90 degree, monoclinic sulfur quickly returns
- to the orthorhomic form.
- Amorphous, or plastic, sulfur is formed by rapidly cooling molten sulfur
- by dribbling molten sulfur into cold water, for example. Amorphous sulfur
- has no crystalline form; in fact it is a soft, elastic material. It is
- difficult to maintain sulfur in its amorphous form because it gradually
- reverts to the more stable orthorhombic form.
-